Chapter 5. Cleaning And Sanitizing Of Equipment And Utensils of California Health And Safety Code >> Division 104. >> Part 7. >> Chapter 5.

All food facilities in which food is prepared or in which multiservice utensils and equipment are used shall provide manual methods to effectively clean and sanitize utensils as specified in Section 114099.

Equipment food-contact surfaces and multiservice utensils shall be effectively washed to remove or completely loosen soils by the use of manual or mechanical methods necessary, such as the application of detergents containing wetting agents and emulsifiers, acid, alkaline, or abrasive cleaners, hot water, brushes, scouring pads, high pressure sprays, or ultrasonic devices.

(a) Manual warewashing sinks, except as specified in subdivision (c), shall have at least three compartments with two integral metal drainboards for manually washing, rinsing, and sanitizing equipment and utensils.
  (b) Sink compartments shall be large enough to accommodate immersion of the largest equipment and utensils. If equipment or utensils are not designed to be washed in a warewashing sink, alternate approved methods as specified in Section 114099.3 shall be followed.
  (c) A two compartment sink that is in use on January 1, 1996, need not be replaced when used as specified in Section 114099.3. The enforcement officer shall approve the continued use of a two-compartment sink even upon replacement if the installation of a three-compartment sink would not be readily achievable and where other approved sanitation methods are used.

(a) During manual or mechanical warewashing, food debris on equipment and utensils shall be scraped over a waste disposal unit, scupper, or garbage receptacle.
  (b) If necessary for effective cleaning, utensils and equipment shall be preflushed, presoaked, or scrubbed with abrasives.

(a) Notwithstanding Section 114099, manual warewashing shall be accomplished by using a three-compartment sink.
  (b) The temperature of the washing solution shall be maintained at not less than 100 F or the temperature specified by the manufacturer on the cleaning agent manufacturer's label instructions or as provided in writing by the manufacturer.
  (c) The utensils shall then be rinsed in clear water before being immersed in a sanitizing solution.
  (d) Manual sanitization shall be accomplished as specified in Section 114099.6.
  (e) In-place sanitizing shall be accomplished as specified in Section 114099.6.
  (f) Other methods may be used if approved by the enforcement agency.

Alternative manual warewashing equipment may be used when there are special cleaning needs or constraints, such as when equipment is fixed or the utensils are large, and the enforcement agency has approved the use of the alternative equipment. Alternative manual warewashing equipment may include any of the following:
  (a) High-pressure detergent sprayers.
  (b) Low-or-line pressure spray detergent foamers.
  (c) Other task-specific cleaning equipment.
  (d) Brushes or other implements.
  (e) (1) A two-compartment sink, if the permitholder limits the number of utensils cleaned and sanitized in the two-compartment sink, limits warewashing to batch operations for cleaning and sanitizing utensils, such as between cutting one type of raw meat and another or cleanup at the end of a shift, and does either of the following:
  (A) Makes up the cleaning and sanitizing solutions immediately before use and drains them immediately after use, as well as uses a detergent sanitizer to clean and sanitize in accordance with the manufacturer's label instructions where there is no distinct water rinse between the washing and sanitizing steps. The agent applied in the sanitizing step shall be the same detergent sanitizer that is used in the washing step.
  (B) Use a hot water sanitization immersion step that incorporates a nondistinct water rinse.
  (2) A two-compartment sink shall not be used for warewashing operations where cleaning and sanitizing solutions are used for a continuous or intermittent flow of utensils in an ongoing warewashing process.

If hot water is used for sanitization in manual warewashing operations, the sanitizing compartment of the sink shall be designed with an integral heating device that is capable of maintaining water at a temperature not less than 171 F and provided with a rack or basket to allow complete immersion of equipment and utensils into the hot water.

In manual warewashing operations, a temperature measuring device shall be provided and readily accessible for frequently measuring the washing and sanitizing temperatures.

Manual sanitization shall be accomplished in the final sanitizing rinse by one of the following:
  (a) Immersion for at least 30 seconds where the water temperature is maintained at 171 degrees Fahrenheit or above.
  (b) The application of sanitizing chemicals by immersion, manual swabbing, or brushing, using one of the following solutions:
  (1) Contact with a solution of 100 ppm available chlorine solution for at least 30 seconds.
  (2) Contact with a solution of 25 ppm available iodine for at least one minute.
  (3) Contact with a solution of 200 ppm quaternary ammonium for at least one minute.
  (4) Contact with a solution of ozone that meets the requirements of Section 180.940 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations and that is generated by a device located onsite at the food facility that meets all of the following requirements:
  (A) Complies with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. Sec. 136 et seq.).
  (B) Complies with federal device requirements as specified in Section 152.500 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations, and federal labeling requirements as specified in Section 156.10 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
  (C) Displays the United States Environmental Protection Agency device manufacturing facility registration number on the device.
  (D) Is operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer' s instructions, and manufactured using good manufacturing practices as specified in Part 110 of Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations.
  (5) Contact with any chemical sanitizer that meets the requirements of Section 180.940 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations when used in accordance with the manufacturer's use directions.
  (c) Other methods approved by the enforcement agency.

Mechanical sanitization shall be accomplished in the final sanitizing rinse by one of the following:
  (a) By being cycled through equipment that is used in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and achieving a utensil surface temperature of 160 F as measured by an irreversible registering temperature indicator.
  (b) The mechanical application of sanitizing chemicals by pressure spraying methods using one of the following solutions:
  (1) Contact with a solution of 50 ppm available chlorine for at least 30 seconds.
  (2) Contact with a solution of 25 ppm available iodine for at least one minute.
  (3) Contact with any chemical sanitizer that meets the requirements of Section 180.940 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations when used in accordance with the following:
  (A) The sanitizer manufacturer's use directions as specified on the product label.
  (B) The machine manufacturer's specifications as provided in the manufacturer's operating instructions.
  (c) After being cleaned and sanitized, equipment and utensils shall not be rinsed before air drying or use unless:
  (1) The rinse is applied directly from a potable water supply by a warewashing machine that meets the requirements of subdivision (b) of Section 114130 and is maintained and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
  (2) The rinse is applied only after the equipment and utensils have been sanitized by the application of hot water or by the application of a chemical sanitizer solution whose United States Environmental Protection Agency-registered, label use instructions require rinsing off the sanitizer after it is applied in an approved commercial warewashing machine.

(a) Mechanical machine warewashing shall be accomplished by using an approved machine installed and operated in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.
  (b) Soiled items to be cleaned in a warewashing machine shall be loaded in racks, trays, or baskets or onto conveyors in a position that exposes the items to the unobstructed spray during all cycles and allows the items to drain.
  (c) The velocity, quantity, and distribution of the washwater, type, and concentration of detergent used therein, and the time the utensils are exposed to the water shall be sufficient to clean the utensils.
  (d) Restricted food service facilities need not comply with Section 114130 if the domestic or commercial dishwasher utilized for warewashing is capable of providing heat to the surface of the utensils of a temperature of at least 160 F.

A warewashing machine shall be provided with an easily accessible and readable data plate affixed to the machine by the manufacturer that indicates the machine's design and operating specifications including the temperatures required for washing, rinsing, and sanitizing, the pressure required for the fresh water sanitizing rinse, unless the machine is designed to use only a pumped sanitizing rinse, and the conveyor speed for conveyor machines or cycle time for stationary rack machines.

A warewashing machine shall be equipped with a temperature measuring device that indicates the temperature of the water as the water enters the hot water sanitizing final rinse manifold or in the chemical sanitizing solution tank.

(a) Except as provided in subdivisions (b) and (c), all warewashing equipment shall be provided with two integral metal drainboards of adequate size and construction. One drainboard shall be attached at the point of entry for soiled equipment and utensils and one shall be attached at the point of exit for cleaned and sanitized equipment and utensils.
  (b) Where an undercounter warewashing machine is used, there shall be two metal drainboards, one for soiled equipment and utensils, and one for clean equipment and utensils, located adjacent to the machine. This requirement may be satisfied by using the drainboards that are part of the manual warewashing sinks if the facilities are located adjacent to the machine.
  (c) Pot and pan washers shall be equipped with drainboards as required in subdivision (a), or shall be equipped with approved alternative equipment that provides adequate and suitable space for soiled and clean equipment and utensils.
  (d) Drainboards, utensil racks, or tables large enough to accommodate all soiled and cleaned items that may accumulate during hours of operation shall be provided for necessary utensil holding before cleaning and after sanitizing.
  (e) Sinks and drainboards of warewashing equipment shall be sloped and drained to an approved liquid waste receptor.

After cleaning and sanitizing, equipment and utensils shall be air dried or used after adequate draining before contact with food and shall not be cloth dried, except that utensils that have been air dried may be polished with cloths that are maintained clean and dry.

(a) Testing equipment and materials shall be provided to adequately measure the applicable sanitization method used during manual or mechanical warewashing.
  (b) The concentration of the sanitizing solution shall be accurately determined to ensure proper dosage.

(a) Drying agents used in conjunction with sanitization shall contain only components that are listed as one of the following:
  (1) Generally Recognized as Safe for use in food as specified in 21 C.F.R. 182 - Substances Generally Recognized as Safe, or 21 C.F.R. 184 - Direct Food Substances Affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe.
  (2) Generally Recognized as Safe for the intended use as specified in 21 C.F.R. 186 - Indirect Food Substances Affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe.
  (3) Approved for use as a drying agent under a prior sanction specified in 21 C.F.R. 181 - Prior-Sanctioned Food Ingredients.
  (4) Specifically regulated as an indirect food additive for use as a drying agent as specified in 21 C.F.R. 175-178, inclusive.
  (5) Approved for use as a drying agent under the threshold of regulation process established by 21 C.F.R. 170.39.
  (b) When sanitization is with chemicals, the approval required under paragraph (3) or (5) of subdivision (a) or the regulation as an indirect food additive required under paragraph (4) of subdivision (a), shall be specifically for use with chemical sanitizing solutions.

(a) If used, dry cleaning methods such as brushing, scraping, and vacuuming shall contact only surfaces that are soiled with dry nonpotentially hazardous food residues.
  (b) Cleaning equipment used in dry cleaning food-contact surfaces shall not be used for any other purpose.

Food shall only contact surfaces of equipment and utensils that are cleaned and sanitized.

(a) Equipment food-contact surfaces and utensils shall be clean to sight and touch.
  (b) The food-contact surfaces of cooking equipment and pans shall be kept free of encrusted grease deposits and other soil accumulations.
  (c) Nonfood-contact surfaces of equipment shall be kept free of an accumulation of dust, dirt, food residue, and other debris.
  (d) Equipment shall be reassembled so that food-contact surfaces are not contaminated.

(a) Equipment food-contact surfaces and utensils shall be cleaned and sanitized at the following times:
  (1) Except as specified in subdivision (b), before each use with a different type of raw food of animal origin such as beef, fish, lamb, pork, or poultry.
  (2) Each time there is a change from working with raw foods to working with ready-to-eat foods.
  (3) Between uses with raw produce and with potentially hazardous food.
  (4) Before using or storing a food temperature measuring device.
  (5) At any time during the operation when contamination may have occurred.
  (b) Paragraph (1) of subdivision (a) does not apply if the food contact surface or utensil is in contact with a succession of different raw foods of animal origin, each requiring a higher cooking temperature as specified in Section 114004 than the previous food, such as preparing raw fish followed by cutting raw poultry on the same cutting board.
  (c) Except as specified in subdivision (d), if used with potentially hazardous food, equipment food-contact surfaces and utensils shall be cleaned and sanitized throughout the day at least every four hours.
  (d) Surfaces of utensils and equipment contacting potentially hazardous food may be cleaned and sanitized less frequently than every four hours if any of the following occurs:
  (1) In storage, containers of potentially hazardous food and their contents are maintained at temperatures as specified in Section 113996 and the containers are cleaned and sanitized when they are empty.
  (2) Utensils and equipment are used to prepare food in a refrigerated room or area that is maintained at or below 55 F. In that case, the utensils and equipment shall be cleaned and sanitized at the frequency that corresponds to the temperature as depicted in the following chart and the cleaning frequency based on the ambient temperature of the refrigerated room or area shall be documented and records shall be maintained in the food facility and made available to the enforcement agency upon request:

+------------------------+------------------------+ |Temperature |Cleaning Frequency | +------------------------+------------------------+ |5.0*C (41*F) or less |24 hours | +------------------------+------------------------+ |>5.0*C - 7.2*C |20 hours | |(>41*F - 45*F) | | +------------------------+------------------------+ |>7.2*C - 10.0*C |16 hours | |(>45*F - 50*F) | | +------------------------+------------------------+ |>10.0*C - 12.8*C |10 hours | |(>50*F - 55*F) | | +------------------------+------------------------+

(3) Containers in serving situations such as salad bars, delis, and cafeteria lines that hold ready-to-eat potentially hazardous food that is maintained at the temperatures specified in subdivisions (a) to (c), inclusive, of Section 113996 are intermittently combined with additional supplies of the same food that is at the required temperature, and the containers are cleaned and sanitized at least every 24 hours. Utensils and containers holding potentially hazardous foods in accordance with subdivision (d) of Section 113996 are cleaned when they are empty or when the remaining contents are disposed of.
  (4) Temperature measuring devices are maintained in contact with food, such as when left in a container of deli food or in a roast, held at temperatures specified in Sections 113996 and 114004.
  (5) Equipment is used for storage of packaged or unpackaged food, such as a reach-in refrigerator, and the equipment is cleaned and sanitized at a frequency necessary to preclude accumulation of soil residues.
  (6) The cleaning schedule is approved based on consideration of characteristics of the equipment and its use, the type of food involved, the amount of food residue accumulation, and the temperature at which the food is maintained during the operation and the potential for the rapid and progressive multiplication of pathogenic or toxigenic micro-organisms that are capable of causing foodborne disease.
  (7) In-use utensils are intermittently stored in a container of water in which the water is maintained at 135 F or higher and the utensils and container are cleaned and sanitized at least every 24 hours or at a frequency necessary to preclude accumulation of soil residues.
  (e) Except when dry cleaning methods are used as specified in Section 114111, surfaces of utensils and equipment contacting food that is not potentially hazardous shall be cleaned and sanitized in any of the following circumstances:
  (1) At any time when contamination may have occurred.
  (2) At least every 24 hours for iced tea dispensers and consumer self-service utensils such as tongs, scoops, or ladles.
  (3) Before restocking consumer self-service equipment and utensils such as condiment dispensers and display containers.
  (4) In equipment such as ice bins and beverage dispensing nozzles and enclosed components of equipment such as ice makers, cooking oil storage tanks and distribution lines, beverage and syrup dispensing lines or tubes, coffee bean grinders, and water vending equipment, at a frequency specified by the manufacturer, or, absent manufacturer specifications, at a frequency necessary to preclude accumulation of soil or mold.

Fabric implements shall be laundered and sanitized before or after use in direct contact with food.

During pauses in food preparation or dispensing, food preparation and dispensing utensils shall be stored in the following manner:
  (a) Except as specified under subdivision (b), in the food with their handles above the top of the food and the container.
  (b) In food that is not potentially hazardous, with their handles above the top of the food within containers or equipment that can be closed, such as bins of sugar, flour, or cinnamon.
  (c) On a clean portion of the food preparation table or cooking equipment only if the in-use utensil and the food-contact surface of the food preparation table or cooking equipment are cleaned and sanitized at a frequency specified under Section 114117.
  (d) In running water of sufficient velocity to flush particulates to the drain, if used with moist food such as ice cream or mashed potatoes.
  (e) In a clean, protected location if the utensils, such as ice scoops, are used only with a food that is not potentially hazardous.
  (f) In a container of water if the water is maintained at a temperature of at least 135 F and the container is cleaned at least every 24 hours or at a frequency necessary to preclude the accumulation of soil residues.

(a) Except as specified in subdivisions (b) and (c), returned empty containers intended for refilling with food or beverage shall be cleaned and refilled in an approved facility.
  (b) Consumer-owned containers returned to the food facility for refilling may be refilled and returned to the same consumer if the container is refilled by an employee of the food facility or the owner of the container if the dispensing system includes a contamination free transfer process that cannot be bypassed by the container owner.
  (c) Consumer-owned containers that are not food specific may be filled at a water vending machine or system.

Except as specified in Section 114125, food preparation sinks, handwashing lavatories, and warewashing equipment shall not be used for the cleaning of maintenance tools, the preparation or holding of maintenance materials, or the disposal of mop water and similar liquid wastes.

(a) A warewashing sink shall not be used for handwashing except in food facilities that were not constructed or extensively remodeled since January 1, 1996, and where there are no facilities exclusively for handwashing in food preparation areas.
  (b) If a warewashing sink is used to wash wiping cloths, wash produce, or thaw food, the sink shall be cleaned and sanitized before and after each time it is used to wash wiping cloths or wash produce or thaw food.