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Article 4.5. Terrorizing of California Penal Code >> Title 1. >> Part 4. >> Chapter 3. >> Article 4.5.
(a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right
of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender,
gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity,
religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group
with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and
protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the
activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of
this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by
the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the
constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs
on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share
similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds however, that the
advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or
groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is
likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to
public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil
sanctions.
(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) "Association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics" includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of "hate crime" under paragraphs (1) to (6), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.
(2) "Disability" includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.
(3) "Gender" means sex, and includes a person's gender identity and gender expression. "Gender expression" means a person's gender-related appearance and behavior whether or not stereotypically associated with the person's assigned sex at birth.
(4) "Nationality" includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.
(5) "Race or ethnicity" includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.
(6) "Religion" includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.
(7) "Sexual orientation" means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.
(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) "Association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics" includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of "hate crime" under paragraphs (1) to (6), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.
(2) "Disability" includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.
(3) "Gender" means sex, and includes a person's gender identity and gender expression. "Gender expression" means a person's gender-related appearance and behavior whether or not stereotypically associated with the person's assigned sex at birth.
(4) "Nationality" includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.
(5) "Race or ethnicity" includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.
(6) "Religion" includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.
(7) "Sexual orientation" means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.
(a) Any person who hangs a noose, knowing it to be a symbol
representing a threat to life, on the private property of another,
without authorization, for the purpose of terrorizing the owner or
occupant of that private property or in reckless disregard of the
risk of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property,
or who hangs a noose, knowing it to be a symbol representing a threat
to life, on the property of a primary school, junior high school,
high school, college campus, public park, or place of employment, for
the purpose of terrorizing any person who attends or works at the
school, park, or place of employment, or who is otherwise associated
with the school, park, or place of employment, shall be punished by
imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine
not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both the fine and
imprisonment for the first conviction or by imprisonment in a county
jail not to exceed one year, or by a fine not to exceed fifteen
thousand dollars ($15,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for
any subsequent conviction.
(b) Any person who places or displays a sign, mark, symbol, emblem, or other physical impression, including, but not limited to, a Nazi swastika, on the private property of another, without authorization, for the purpose of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property or in reckless disregard of the risk of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for the first conviction and by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for any subsequent conviction.
(c) Any person who engages in a pattern of conduct for the purpose of terrorizing the owner or occupant of private property or in reckless disregard of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property, by placing or displaying a sign, mark, symbol, emblem, or other physical impression, including, but not limited to, a Nazi swastika, on the private property of another on two or more occasions, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years, by a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment. A violation of this subdivision shall not constitute felonious conduct for purposes of Section 186.22.
(d) Any person who burns or desecrates a cross or other religious symbol, knowing it to be a religious symbol, on the private property of another without authorization for the purpose of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property or in reckless disregard of the risk of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property, or who burns, desecrates, or destroys a cross or other religious symbol, knowing it to be a religious symbol, on the property of a primary school, junior high school, or high school for the purpose of terrorizing any person who attends or works at the school or who is otherwise associated with the school, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years, by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for the first conviction and by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years, by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for any subsequent conviction.
(e) As used in this section, "terrorize" means to cause a person of ordinary emotions and sensibilities to fear for personal safety.
(f) The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application.
(b) Any person who places or displays a sign, mark, symbol, emblem, or other physical impression, including, but not limited to, a Nazi swastika, on the private property of another, without authorization, for the purpose of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property or in reckless disregard of the risk of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property shall be punished by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for the first conviction and by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for any subsequent conviction.
(c) Any person who engages in a pattern of conduct for the purpose of terrorizing the owner or occupant of private property or in reckless disregard of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property, by placing or displaying a sign, mark, symbol, emblem, or other physical impression, including, but not limited to, a Nazi swastika, on the private property of another on two or more occasions, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years, by a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment. A violation of this subdivision shall not constitute felonious conduct for purposes of Section 186.22.
(d) Any person who burns or desecrates a cross or other religious symbol, knowing it to be a religious symbol, on the private property of another without authorization for the purpose of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property or in reckless disregard of the risk of terrorizing the owner or occupant of that private property, or who burns, desecrates, or destroys a cross or other religious symbol, knowing it to be a religious symbol, on the property of a primary school, junior high school, or high school for the purpose of terrorizing any person who attends or works at the school or who is otherwise associated with the school, shall be punished by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years, by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for the first conviction and by imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for 16 months or two or three years, by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment, or by imprisonment in a county jail not to exceed one year, by a fine not to exceed fifteen thousand dollars ($15,000), or by both the fine and imprisonment for any subsequent conviction.
(e) As used in this section, "terrorize" means to cause a person of ordinary emotions and sensibilities to fear for personal safety.
(f) The provisions of this section are severable. If any provision of this section or its application is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application.
Any person who, with intent to cause, attempts to cause or
causes another to refrain from exercising his or her religion or from
engaging in a religious service by means of a threat, directly
communicated to such person, to inflict an unlawful injury upon any
person or property, and it reasonably appears to the recipient of the
threat that such threat could be carried out is guilty of a felony.
(a) Any person who explodes, ignites, or attempts to explode
or ignite any destructive device or any explosive, or who commits
arson, in or about any of the places listed in subdivision (b), for
the purpose of terrorizing another or in reckless disregard of
terrorizing another is guilty of a felony, and shall be punished by
imprisonment pursuant to subdivision (h) of Section 1170 for three,
five, or seven years, and a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars
($10,000).
(b) Subdivision (a) applies to the following places:
(1) Any health facility licensed under Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 1250) of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code, or any place where medical care is provided by a licensed health care professional.
(2) Any church, temple, synagogue, mosque, or other place of worship.
(3) The buildings, offices, and meeting sites of organizations that counsel for or against abortion or among whose major activities are lobbying, publicizing, or organizing with respect to public or private issues relating to abortion.
(4) Any place at which a lecture, film-showing, or other private meeting or presentation that educates or propagates with respect to abortion practices or policies, whether on private property or at a meeting site authorized for specific use by a private group on public property, is taking place.
(5) Any bookstore or public or private library.
(6) Any building or facility designated as a courthouse.
(7) The home or office of a judicial officer.
(8) Any building or facility regularly occupied by county probation department personnel in which the employees perform official duties of the probation department.
(9) Any private property, if the property was targeted in whole or in part because of any of the actual or perceived characteristics of the owner or occupant of the property listed in subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.
(10) Any public or private school providing instruction in kindergarten or grades 1 to 12, inclusive.
(c) As used in this section, "judicial officer" means a magistrate, judge, justice, commissioner, referee, or any person appointed by a court to serve in one of these capacities, of any state or federal court located in this state.
(d) As used in this section, "terrorizing" means to cause a person of ordinary emotions and sensibilities to fear for personal safety.
(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the prosecution of any person pursuant to Section 18740 or any other provision of law in lieu of prosecution pursuant to this section.
(b) Subdivision (a) applies to the following places:
(1) Any health facility licensed under Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 1250) of Division 2 of the Health and Safety Code, or any place where medical care is provided by a licensed health care professional.
(2) Any church, temple, synagogue, mosque, or other place of worship.
(3) The buildings, offices, and meeting sites of organizations that counsel for or against abortion or among whose major activities are lobbying, publicizing, or organizing with respect to public or private issues relating to abortion.
(4) Any place at which a lecture, film-showing, or other private meeting or presentation that educates or propagates with respect to abortion practices or policies, whether on private property or at a meeting site authorized for specific use by a private group on public property, is taking place.
(5) Any bookstore or public or private library.
(6) Any building or facility designated as a courthouse.
(7) The home or office of a judicial officer.
(8) Any building or facility regularly occupied by county probation department personnel in which the employees perform official duties of the probation department.
(9) Any private property, if the property was targeted in whole or in part because of any of the actual or perceived characteristics of the owner or occupant of the property listed in subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.
(10) Any public or private school providing instruction in kindergarten or grades 1 to 12, inclusive.
(c) As used in this section, "judicial officer" means a magistrate, judge, justice, commissioner, referee, or any person appointed by a court to serve in one of these capacities, of any state or federal court located in this state.
(d) As used in this section, "terrorizing" means to cause a person of ordinary emotions and sensibilities to fear for personal safety.
(e) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the prosecution of any person pursuant to Section 18740 or any other provision of law in lieu of prosecution pursuant to this section.
(a) Any person who intentionally harasses the child or ward
of any other person because of that person's employment shall be
punished by imprisonment in a county jail not exceeding one year, or
by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars ($10,000), or by both
that fine and imprisonment.
(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) "Child" and "ward" mean a person under 16 years of age.
(2) "Harasses" means knowing and willful conduct directed at a specific child or ward that seriously alarms, annoys, torments, or terrorizes the child or ward, and that serves no legitimate purpose, including, but not limited to, that conduct occurring during the course of any actual or attempted recording of the child's or ward's image or voice, or both, without the express consent of the parent or legal guardian of the child or ward, by following the child's or ward's activities or by lying in wait. The conduct must be such as would cause a reasonable child to suffer substantial emotional distress, and actually cause the victim to suffer substantial emotional distress.
(3) "Employment" means the job, vocation, occupation, or profession of the parent or legal guardian of the child or ward.
(c) A second conviction under this section shall be punished by a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) and by imprisonment in a county jail for not less than five days but not exceeding one year. A third or subsequent conviction under this section shall be punished by a fine not exceeding thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) and by imprisonment in a county jail for not less than 30 days but not exceeding one year.
(d) Upon a violation of this section, the parent or legal guardian of an aggrieved child or ward may bring a civil action against the violator on behalf of the child or ward. The remedies in that civil action shall be limited to one or more of the following: actual damages, punitive damages, reasonable attorney's fees, costs, disgorgement of any compensation from the sale, license, or dissemination of a child's image or voice received by the individual who, in violation of this section, recorded the child's image or voice, and injunctive relief against further violations of this section by the individual.
(e) The act of transmitting, publishing, or broadcasting a recording of the image or voice of a child does not constitute a violation of this section.
(f) This section does not preclude prosecution under any section of law that provides for greater punishment.
(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) "Child" and "ward" mean a person under 16 years of age.
(2) "Harasses" means knowing and willful conduct directed at a specific child or ward that seriously alarms, annoys, torments, or terrorizes the child or ward, and that serves no legitimate purpose, including, but not limited to, that conduct occurring during the course of any actual or attempted recording of the child's or ward's image or voice, or both, without the express consent of the parent or legal guardian of the child or ward, by following the child's or ward's activities or by lying in wait. The conduct must be such as would cause a reasonable child to suffer substantial emotional distress, and actually cause the victim to suffer substantial emotional distress.
(3) "Employment" means the job, vocation, occupation, or profession of the parent or legal guardian of the child or ward.
(c) A second conviction under this section shall be punished by a fine not exceeding twenty thousand dollars ($20,000) and by imprisonment in a county jail for not less than five days but not exceeding one year. A third or subsequent conviction under this section shall be punished by a fine not exceeding thirty thousand dollars ($30,000) and by imprisonment in a county jail for not less than 30 days but not exceeding one year.
(d) Upon a violation of this section, the parent or legal guardian of an aggrieved child or ward may bring a civil action against the violator on behalf of the child or ward. The remedies in that civil action shall be limited to one or more of the following: actual damages, punitive damages, reasonable attorney's fees, costs, disgorgement of any compensation from the sale, license, or dissemination of a child's image or voice received by the individual who, in violation of this section, recorded the child's image or voice, and injunctive relief against further violations of this section by the individual.
(e) The act of transmitting, publishing, or broadcasting a recording of the image or voice of a child does not constitute a violation of this section.
(f) This section does not preclude prosecution under any section of law that provides for greater punishment.
