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Chapter 8. Dismissal Of The Action For Want Of Prosecution Or Otherwise of California Penal Code >> Title 10. >> Part 2. >> Chapter 8.
Whenever a defendant has been convicted, in any court of this
state, of the commission of a felony or misdemeanor and has been
sentenced to and has entered upon a term of imprisonment in a state
prison or has been sentenced to and has entered upon a term of
imprisonment in a county jail for a period of more than 90 days or
has been committed to and placed in a county jail for more than 90
days as a condition of probation or has been committed to and placed
in an institution subject to the jurisdiction of the Department of
the Youth Authority or whenever any person has been committed to the
custody of the Director of Corrections pursuant to Chapter 1
(commencing with Section 3000) of Division 3 of the Welfare and
Institutions Code and has entered upon his or her term of commitment,
and at the time of the entry upon the term of imprisonment or
commitment there is pending, in any court of this state, any other
indictment, information, complaint, or any criminal proceeding
wherein the defendant remains to be sentenced, the district attorney
of the county in which the matters are pending shall bring the
defendant to trial or for sentencing within 90 days after the person
shall have delivered to said district attorney written notice of the
place of his or her imprisonment or commitment and his or her desire
to be brought to trial or for sentencing unless a continuance beyond
the 90 days is requested or consented to by the person, in open
court, and the request or consent entered upon the minutes of the
court in which event the 90-day period shall commence to run anew
from the date to which the consent or request continued the trial or
sentencing. In the event that the defendant is not brought to trial
or for sentencing within the 90 days the court in which the charge or
sentencing is pending shall, on motion or suggestion of the district
attorney, or of the defendant or person confined in the county jail
or committed to the custody of the Director of Corrections or his or
her counsel, or of the Department of Corrections, or of the
Department of the Youth Authority, or on its own motion, dismiss the
action. If a charge is filed against a person during the time the
person is serving a sentence in any state prison or county jail of
this state or while detained by the Director of Corrections pursuant
to Chapter 1 (commencing with Section 3000) of Division 3 of the
Welfare and Institutions Code or while detained in any institution
subject to the jurisdiction of the Department of the Youth Authority
it is hereby made mandatory upon the district attorney of the county
in which the charge is filed to bring it to trial within 90 days
after the person shall have delivered to said district attorney
written notice of the place of his or her imprisonment or commitment
and his or her desire to be brought to trial upon the charge, unless
a continuance is requested or consented to by the person, in open
court, and the request or consent entered upon the minutes of the
court, in which event the 90-day period shall commence to run anew
from the date to which the request or consent continued the trial. In
the event the action is not brought to trial within the 90 days the
court in which the action is pending shall, on motion or suggestion
of the district attorney, or of the defendant or person committed to
the custody of the Director of Corrections or to a county jail or his
or her counsel, or of the Department of Corrections, or of the
Department of the Youth Authority, or on its own motion, dismiss the
charge. The sheriff, custodian, or jailer shall endorse upon the
written notice of the defendant's desire to be brought to trial or
for sentencing the cause of commitment, the date of commitment, and
the date of release.
Whenever a defendant has been convicted of a crime and has
entered upon a term of imprisonment therefor in a federal
correctional institution located in this state, and at the time of
entry upon such term of imprisonment or at any time during such term
of imprisonment there is pending in any court of this state any
criminal indictment, information, complaint, or any criminal
proceeding wherein the defendant remains to be sentenced the district
attorney of the county in which such matters are pending, upon
receiving from such defendant a request that he be brought to trial
or for sentencing, shall promptly inquire of the warden or other head
of the federal correctional institution in which such defendant is
confined whether and when such defendant can be released for trial or
for sentencing. If an assent from authorized federal authorities for
release of the defendant for trial or sentencing is received by the
district attorney he shall bring him to trial or sentencing within 90
days after receipt of such assent, unless the federal authorities
specify a date of release after 90 days, in which event the district
attorney shall bring the prisoner to trial or sentencing at such
specified time, or unless the defendant requests, in open court, and
receives, or, in open court, consents to, a continuance, in which
event he may be brought to trial or sentencing within 90 days from
such request or consent.
If a defendant is not brought to trial or for sentencing as
provided by this section, the court in which the action is pending
shall, on motion or suggestion of the district attorney, or
representative of the United States, or the defendant or his counsel,
dismiss the action.
(a) The court, unless good cause to the contrary is shown,
shall order the action to be dismissed in the following cases:
(1) When a person has been held to answer for a public offense and an information is not filed against that person within 15 days.
(2) In a felony case, when a defendant is not brought to trial within 60 days of the defendant's arraignment on an indictment or information, or reinstatement of criminal proceedings pursuant to Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 1367) of Title 10 of Part 2, or, in case the cause is to be tried again following a mistrial, an order granting a new trial from which an appeal is not taken, or an appeal from the superior court, within 60 days after the mistrial has been declared, after entry of the order granting the new trial, or after the filing of the remittitur in the trial court, or after the issuance of a writ or order which, in effect, grants a new trial, within 60 days after notice of the writ or order is filed in the trial court and served upon the prosecuting attorney, or within 90 days after notice of the writ or order is filed in the trial court and served upon the prosecuting attorney in any case where the district attorney chooses to resubmit the case for a preliminary examination after an appeal or the issuance of a writ reversing a judgment of conviction upon a plea of guilty prior to a preliminary hearing. However, an action shall not be dismissed under this paragraph if either of the following circumstances exists:
(A) The defendant enters a general waiver of the 60-day trial requirement. A general waiver of the 60-day trial requirement entitles the superior court to set or continue a trial date without the sanction of dismissal should the case fail to proceed on the date set for trial. If the defendant, after proper notice to all parties, later withdraws, in open court, his or her waiver in the superior court, the defendant shall be brought to trial within 60 days of the date of that withdrawal. Upon the withdrawal of a general time waiver in open court, a trial date shall be set and all parties shall be properly notified of that date. If a general time waiver is not expressly entered, subparagraph (B) shall apply.
(B) The defendant requests or consents to the setting of a trial date beyond the 60-day period. In the absence of an express general time waiver from the defendant, or upon the withdrawal of a general time waiver, the court shall set a trial date. Whenever a case is set for trial beyond the 60-day period by request or consent, expressed or implied, of the defendant without a general waiver, the defendant shall be brought to trial on the date set for trial or within 10 days thereafter. Whenever a case is set for trial after a defendant enters either a general waiver as to the 60-day trial requirement or requests or consents, expressed or implied, to the setting of a trial date beyond the 60-day period pursuant to this paragraph, the court may not grant a motion of the defendant to vacate the date set for trial and to set an earlier trial date unless all parties are properly noticed and the court finds good cause for granting that motion.
(3) Regardless of when the complaint is filed, when a defendant in a misdemeanor or infraction case is not brought to trial within 30 days after he or she is arraigned or enters his or her plea, whichever occurs later, if the defendant is in custody at the time of arraignment or plea, whichever occurs later, or in all other cases, within 45 days after the defendant's arraignment or entry of the plea, whichever occurs later, or in case the cause is to be tried again following a mistrial, an order granting a new trial from which no appeal is taken, or an appeal from a judgment in a misdemeanor or infraction case, within 30 days after the mistrial has been declared, after entry of the order granting the new trial, or after the remittitur is filed in the trial court, or within 30 days after the date of the reinstatement of criminal proceedings pursuant to Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 1367). However, an action shall not be dismissed under this subdivision if any of the following circumstances exists:
(A) The defendant enters a general waiver of the 30-day or 45-day trial requirement. A general waiver of the 30-day or 45-day trial requirement entitles the court to set or continue a trial date without the sanction of dismissal should the case fail to proceed on the date set for trial. If the defendant, after proper notice to all parties, later withdraws, in open court, his or her waiver in the superior court, the defendant shall be brought to trial within 30 days of the date of that withdrawal. Upon the withdrawal of a general time waiver in open court, a trial date shall be set and all parties shall be properly notified of that date. If a general time waiver is not expressly entered, subparagraph (B) shall apply.
(B) The defendant requests or consents to the setting of a trial date beyond the 30-day or 45-day period. In the absence of an express general time waiver from the defendant, or upon the withdrawal of a general time waiver the court shall set a trial date. Whenever a case is set for trial beyond the 30-day or 45-day period by request or consent, expressed or implied, of the defendant without a general waiver, the defendant shall be brought to trial on the date set for trial or within 10 days thereafter.
(C) The defendant in a misdemeanor case has been ordered to appear on a case set for hearing prior to trial, but the defendant fails to appear on that date and a bench warrant is issued, or the case is not tried on the date set for trial because of the defendant's neglect or failure to appear, in which case the defendant shall be deemed to have been arraigned within the meaning of this subdivision on the date of his or her subsequent arraignment on a bench warrant or his or her submission to the court.
(b) Whenever a defendant has been ordered to appear in superior court on a felony case set for trial or set for a hearing prior to trial after being held to answer, if the defendant fails to appear on that date and a bench warrant is issued, the defendant shall be brought to trial within 60 days after the defendant next appears in the superior court unless a trial date previously had been set which is beyond that 60-day period.
(c) If the defendant is not represented by counsel, the defendant shall not be deemed under this section to have consented to the date for the defendant's trial unless the court has explained to the defendant his or her rights under this section and the effect of his or her consent.
(1) When a person has been held to answer for a public offense and an information is not filed against that person within 15 days.
(2) In a felony case, when a defendant is not brought to trial within 60 days of the defendant's arraignment on an indictment or information, or reinstatement of criminal proceedings pursuant to Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 1367) of Title 10 of Part 2, or, in case the cause is to be tried again following a mistrial, an order granting a new trial from which an appeal is not taken, or an appeal from the superior court, within 60 days after the mistrial has been declared, after entry of the order granting the new trial, or after the filing of the remittitur in the trial court, or after the issuance of a writ or order which, in effect, grants a new trial, within 60 days after notice of the writ or order is filed in the trial court and served upon the prosecuting attorney, or within 90 days after notice of the writ or order is filed in the trial court and served upon the prosecuting attorney in any case where the district attorney chooses to resubmit the case for a preliminary examination after an appeal or the issuance of a writ reversing a judgment of conviction upon a plea of guilty prior to a preliminary hearing. However, an action shall not be dismissed under this paragraph if either of the following circumstances exists:
(A) The defendant enters a general waiver of the 60-day trial requirement. A general waiver of the 60-day trial requirement entitles the superior court to set or continue a trial date without the sanction of dismissal should the case fail to proceed on the date set for trial. If the defendant, after proper notice to all parties, later withdraws, in open court, his or her waiver in the superior court, the defendant shall be brought to trial within 60 days of the date of that withdrawal. Upon the withdrawal of a general time waiver in open court, a trial date shall be set and all parties shall be properly notified of that date. If a general time waiver is not expressly entered, subparagraph (B) shall apply.
(B) The defendant requests or consents to the setting of a trial date beyond the 60-day period. In the absence of an express general time waiver from the defendant, or upon the withdrawal of a general time waiver, the court shall set a trial date. Whenever a case is set for trial beyond the 60-day period by request or consent, expressed or implied, of the defendant without a general waiver, the defendant shall be brought to trial on the date set for trial or within 10 days thereafter. Whenever a case is set for trial after a defendant enters either a general waiver as to the 60-day trial requirement or requests or consents, expressed or implied, to the setting of a trial date beyond the 60-day period pursuant to this paragraph, the court may not grant a motion of the defendant to vacate the date set for trial and to set an earlier trial date unless all parties are properly noticed and the court finds good cause for granting that motion.
(3) Regardless of when the complaint is filed, when a defendant in a misdemeanor or infraction case is not brought to trial within 30 days after he or she is arraigned or enters his or her plea, whichever occurs later, if the defendant is in custody at the time of arraignment or plea, whichever occurs later, or in all other cases, within 45 days after the defendant's arraignment or entry of the plea, whichever occurs later, or in case the cause is to be tried again following a mistrial, an order granting a new trial from which no appeal is taken, or an appeal from a judgment in a misdemeanor or infraction case, within 30 days after the mistrial has been declared, after entry of the order granting the new trial, or after the remittitur is filed in the trial court, or within 30 days after the date of the reinstatement of criminal proceedings pursuant to Chapter 6 (commencing with Section 1367). However, an action shall not be dismissed under this subdivision if any of the following circumstances exists:
(A) The defendant enters a general waiver of the 30-day or 45-day trial requirement. A general waiver of the 30-day or 45-day trial requirement entitles the court to set or continue a trial date without the sanction of dismissal should the case fail to proceed on the date set for trial. If the defendant, after proper notice to all parties, later withdraws, in open court, his or her waiver in the superior court, the defendant shall be brought to trial within 30 days of the date of that withdrawal. Upon the withdrawal of a general time waiver in open court, a trial date shall be set and all parties shall be properly notified of that date. If a general time waiver is not expressly entered, subparagraph (B) shall apply.
(B) The defendant requests or consents to the setting of a trial date beyond the 30-day or 45-day period. In the absence of an express general time waiver from the defendant, or upon the withdrawal of a general time waiver the court shall set a trial date. Whenever a case is set for trial beyond the 30-day or 45-day period by request or consent, expressed or implied, of the defendant without a general waiver, the defendant shall be brought to trial on the date set for trial or within 10 days thereafter.
(C) The defendant in a misdemeanor case has been ordered to appear on a case set for hearing prior to trial, but the defendant fails to appear on that date and a bench warrant is issued, or the case is not tried on the date set for trial because of the defendant's neglect or failure to appear, in which case the defendant shall be deemed to have been arraigned within the meaning of this subdivision on the date of his or her subsequent arraignment on a bench warrant or his or her submission to the court.
(b) Whenever a defendant has been ordered to appear in superior court on a felony case set for trial or set for a hearing prior to trial after being held to answer, if the defendant fails to appear on that date and a bench warrant is issued, the defendant shall be brought to trial within 60 days after the defendant next appears in the superior court unless a trial date previously had been set which is beyond that 60-day period.
(c) If the defendant is not represented by counsel, the defendant shall not be deemed under this section to have consented to the date for the defendant's trial unless the court has explained to the defendant his or her rights under this section and the effect of his or her consent.
If the defendant is not charged or tried, as provided in
Section 1382, and sufficient reason therefor is shown, the court may
order the action to be continued from time to time, and in the
meantime may discharge the defendant from custody on his or her own
undertaking of bail for his or her appearance to answer the charge at
the time to which the action is continued.
If the judge or magistrate directs the action to be
dismissed, the defendant must, if in custody, be discharged
therefrom; or if admitted to bail, his bail is exonerated, or money
deposited instead of bail must be refunded to him or to the person or
persons found by the court to have deposited said money on behalf of
said defendant.
(a) The judge or magistrate may, either of his or her own
motion or upon the application of the prosecuting attorney, and in
furtherance of justice, order an action to be dismissed. The reasons
for the dismissal shall be stated orally on the record. The court
shall also set forth the reasons in an order entered upon the minutes
if requested by either party or in any case in which the proceedings
are not being recorded electronically or reported by a court
reporter. A dismissal shall not be made for any cause that would be
ground of demurrer to the accusatory pleading.
(b) This section does not authorize a judge to strike any prior conviction of a serious felony for purposes of enhancement of a sentence under Section 667.
(c) (1) If the court has the authority pursuant to subdivision (a) to strike or dismiss an enhancement, the court may instead strike the additional punishment for that enhancement in the furtherance of justice in compliance with subdivision (a).
(2) This subdivision does not authorize the court to strike the additional punishment for any enhancement that cannot be stricken or dismissed pursuant to subdivision (a).
(b) This section does not authorize a judge to strike any prior conviction of a serious felony for purposes of enhancement of a sentence under Section 667.
(c) (1) If the court has the authority pursuant to subdivision (a) to strike or dismiss an enhancement, the court may instead strike the additional punishment for that enhancement in the furtherance of justice in compliance with subdivision (a).
(2) This subdivision does not authorize the court to strike the additional punishment for any enhancement that cannot be stricken or dismissed pursuant to subdivision (a).
Notwithstanding Section 1385 or any other provision of law,
a judge shall not strike or dismiss any special circumstance which
is admitted by a plea of guilty or nolo contendere or is found by a
jury or court as provided in Sections 190.1 to 190.5, inclusive.
The entry of a nolle prosequi is abolished, and neither the
Attorney General nor the district attorney can discontinue or abandon
a prosecution for a public offense, except as provided in Section
1385.
(a) An order terminating an action pursuant to this chapter,
or Section 859b, 861, 871, or 995, is a bar to any other prosecution
for the same offense if it is a felony or if it is a misdemeanor
charged together with a felony and the action has been previously
terminated pursuant to this chapter, or Section 859b, 861, 871, or
995, or if it is a misdemeanor not charged together with a felony,
except in those felony cases, or those cases where a misdemeanor is
charged with a felony, where subsequent to the dismissal of the
felony or misdemeanor the judge or magistrate finds any of the
following:
(1) That substantial new evidence has been discovered by the prosecution which would not have been known through the exercise of due diligence at, or prior to, the time of termination of the action.
(2) That the termination of the action was the result of the direct intimidation of a material witness, as shown by a preponderance of the evidence.
(3) That the termination of the action was the result of the failure to appear by the complaining witness, who had been personally subpoenaed in a prosecution arising under subdivision (e) of Section 243 or Section 262, 273.5, or 273.6. This paragraph shall apply only within six months of the original dismissal of the action, and may be invoked only once in each action. Nothing in this section shall preclude a defendant from being eligible for diversion.
(4) That the termination of the action was the result of the complaining witness being found in contempt of court as described in subdivision (b) of Section 1219 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This paragraph shall apply only within six months of the original dismissal of the action, and may be invoked only once in each action.
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), an order terminating an action pursuant to this chapter is not a bar to another prosecution for the same offense if it is a misdemeanor charging an offense based on an act of domestic violence, as defined in subdivisions (a) and (b) of Section 13700, and the termination of the action was the result of the failure to appear by the complaining witness, who had been personally subpoenaed. This subdivision shall apply only within six months of the original dismissal of the action, and may be invoked only once in each action. Nothing in this subdivision shall preclude a defendant from being eligible for diversion.
(c) An order terminating an action is not a bar to prosecution if a complaint is dismissed before the commencement of a preliminary hearing in favor of an indictment filed pursuant to Section 944 and the indictment is based upon the same subject matter as charged in the dismissed complaint, information, or indictment. However, if the previous termination was pursuant to Section 859b, 861, 871, or 995, the subsequent order terminating an action is not a bar to prosecution if:
(1) Good cause is shown why the preliminary examination was not held within 60 days from the date of arraignment or plea.
(2) The motion pursuant to Section 995 was granted because of any of the following reasons:
(A) Present insanity of the defendant.
(B) A lack of counsel after the defendant elected to represent himself or herself rather than being represented by appointed counsel.
(C) Ineffective assistance of counsel.
(D) Conflict of interest of defense counsel.
(E) Violation of time deadlines based upon unavailability of defense counsel.
(F) Defendant's motion to withdraw a waiver of the preliminary examination.
(3) The motion pursuant to Section 995 was granted after dismissal by the magistrate of the action pursuant to Section 871 and was recharged pursuant to Section 739.
(1) That substantial new evidence has been discovered by the prosecution which would not have been known through the exercise of due diligence at, or prior to, the time of termination of the action.
(2) That the termination of the action was the result of the direct intimidation of a material witness, as shown by a preponderance of the evidence.
(3) That the termination of the action was the result of the failure to appear by the complaining witness, who had been personally subpoenaed in a prosecution arising under subdivision (e) of Section 243 or Section 262, 273.5, or 273.6. This paragraph shall apply only within six months of the original dismissal of the action, and may be invoked only once in each action. Nothing in this section shall preclude a defendant from being eligible for diversion.
(4) That the termination of the action was the result of the complaining witness being found in contempt of court as described in subdivision (b) of Section 1219 of the Code of Civil Procedure. This paragraph shall apply only within six months of the original dismissal of the action, and may be invoked only once in each action.
(b) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), an order terminating an action pursuant to this chapter is not a bar to another prosecution for the same offense if it is a misdemeanor charging an offense based on an act of domestic violence, as defined in subdivisions (a) and (b) of Section 13700, and the termination of the action was the result of the failure to appear by the complaining witness, who had been personally subpoenaed. This subdivision shall apply only within six months of the original dismissal of the action, and may be invoked only once in each action. Nothing in this subdivision shall preclude a defendant from being eligible for diversion.
(c) An order terminating an action is not a bar to prosecution if a complaint is dismissed before the commencement of a preliminary hearing in favor of an indictment filed pursuant to Section 944 and the indictment is based upon the same subject matter as charged in the dismissed complaint, information, or indictment. However, if the previous termination was pursuant to Section 859b, 861, 871, or 995, the subsequent order terminating an action is not a bar to prosecution if:
(1) Good cause is shown why the preliminary examination was not held within 60 days from the date of arraignment or plea.
(2) The motion pursuant to Section 995 was granted because of any of the following reasons:
(A) Present insanity of the defendant.
(B) A lack of counsel after the defendant elected to represent himself or herself rather than being represented by appointed counsel.
(C) Ineffective assistance of counsel.
(D) Conflict of interest of defense counsel.
(E) Violation of time deadlines based upon unavailability of defense counsel.
(F) Defendant's motion to withdraw a waiver of the preliminary examination.
(3) The motion pursuant to Section 995 was granted after dismissal by the magistrate of the action pursuant to Section 871 and was recharged pursuant to Section 739.
(a) Where an offense is a violent felony, as defined in
Section 667.5 and the prosecution has had two prior dismissals, as
defined in Section 1387, the people shall be permitted one additional
opportunity to refile charges where either of the prior dismissals
under Section 1387 were due solely to excusable neglect. In no case
shall the additional refiling of charges provided under this section
be permitted where the conduct of the prosecution amounted to bad
faith.
(b) As used in this section, "excusable neglect" includes, but is not limited to, error on the part of the court, prosecution, law enforcement agency, or witnesses.
(b) As used in this section, "excusable neglect" includes, but is not limited to, error on the part of the court, prosecution, law enforcement agency, or witnesses.
Upon the express consent of both the people and the
defendant, in lieu of issuing an order terminating an action the
court may proceed on the existing accusatory pleading. For the
purposes of Section 1387, the action shall be deemed as having been
previously terminated. The defendant shall be rearraigned on the
accusatory pleading and a new time period pursuant to Section 859b or
1382 shall commence.
(a) In any case where an order for the dismissal of a felony
action is made, as provided in this chapter, and where the defendant
had been released on his own recognizance for that action, if the
prosecutor files another accusatory pleading against the same
defendant for the same offense, unless the defendant is present in
court at the time of refiling, the district attorney shall send a
letter to the defendant at his last known place of residence, and
shall send a copy to the attorney of record, stating that the case
has been refiled, and setting forth the date, time and place for
rearraignment.
(b) If the defendant fails to appear for arraignment as stated, or at such time, date, and place as has been subsequently agreed to by defendant's counsel and the district attorney, then the court shall issue and have delivered for execution a warrant for his arrest within 20 days after his failure to appear.
(c) If the defendant was released on his own recognizance on the original charge, he shall, if he appears as provided in subdivisions (a) and (b), be released on his own recognizance on the refiled charge unless it is shown that changed conditions require a different disposition, in which case bail shall be set at the discretion of the judge.
(b) If the defendant fails to appear for arraignment as stated, or at such time, date, and place as has been subsequently agreed to by defendant's counsel and the district attorney, then the court shall issue and have delivered for execution a warrant for his arrest within 20 days after his failure to appear.
(c) If the defendant was released on his own recognizance on the original charge, he shall, if he appears as provided in subdivisions (a) and (b), be released on his own recognizance on the refiled charge unless it is shown that changed conditions require a different disposition, in which case bail shall be set at the discretion of the judge.
